Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer
Nursing as Caring Theory: Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer
Background
Background
Anne Boykin, Ph.D, is Dean and Professor of the College of Nursing
at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida, and is also Director of
the Christine E. Lynn Center for Caring. She is a former president of the
International Association for Human Caring, a member of several local boards,
and is actively involved in various nursing organizations at the national,
state, and local levels.
Savina O. Schoenhofer, Ph.D, is Professor of Graduate Nursing at
Alcorn State University in Natchez, Mississippi. She is a co-founder of the
nursing aesthetics publication, Nightingale Songs. Her research and
publications are in the areas of everyday caring, outcomes of caring in
nursing, nursing values, nursing home management, and affectional touch.
Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer began their work by the year
1983 as they worked together on a curriculum development which led them to a
general theory of nursing.
Major influences on the development of the theory are:
- Maycroffs
(1971) Genetic Discussion of Caring
- Roachs (1984)
Discussion of Caring person and Caring in Nursing
Key Concepts
The
theory of Nursing as Caring is formulated as a general nursing theory presented
in a comprehensive and extensive in nature.
The most
basic concept of this theory is derived from the perception that “each person
is a caring person, and that to become human is to be called to live one’s
innate caring nature” (Buff). Basing with that principle it only convey that one’s ultimate innate nature as
human is to care, that the focus and center in the provision of nursing service
is caring. From the major perspectives presented by the theorists as caring
individual, nursing as a discipline and profession gives us the perception of
caring in holistic aspect, and based on daily experiences and responses to
human needs.
The Nursing as Caring Theory is grounded in several key
assumptions:
- People care by virtue of their humanness;
- People live their caring moment to moment;
- People are whole or complete in the moment;
- Personhood is living life grounded in caring;
- Personhood is enhanced through nurturing relationships with others;
- Nursing is both a discipline and a profession.
Major Concepts
1. Person
The theorist gives the emphasis on the concept that every
individual is a caring and nurturing human being. That to live as human means
is to have its intrinsic nature to care. At the same time the individual is
committed and with the intention to know others as caring individuals,
committed to recognize nurture caring at all times. (BT Basavanthappa, 2007)
2. Environment
Basing on the two major perspectives presented by the theory that
conception of nursing as discipline and profession, discipline of nursing
derived from the principle that it is a duty to care and value other, and that
the development of nursing awareness is associated or affected with all
intrinsic and extrinsic aspects while professions of nursing are believed to be
based on the day to day life encounter and reactions from one another. This in
turn leads to a “moral obligation the quality of which is a measure of being in
a place on the world” (BT Basavanthappa, 2007)
3. Health
There was no detailed emphasis done by Boykin and Schoenhofer regarding
health aspect. Although by meeting the ultimate aspect of care to one’s self and
with the integration of other theories such as theory of Henderson, to achieve
optimum health is to be in control of the environment (Anonuevo, et al., 2000)
will lead to a maximum healthy state of well-being.
4. Nursing
This theory gives a direct emphasis that caring is the ultimate
essential and integral part in the provision and assistance of meeting basic
needs not only on the physiological side but in all other aspects of human
needs. It evolves in holistic nursing care.
References
Book
BT Basavanthappa, M. P. (2007). Nursing Theories. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Med Publisher LTD.
BT Basavanthappa, M. P. (2007). Nursing Theories. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Med Publisher LTD.
Online
Buff, N. (n.d.). Greatest Nursing Theories (Online) Available at http://www.nursebuff.com/nursing-models and-theories/ Accessed: September 14, 2016
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